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氧化苦参碱通过抑制 αⅤβ3 整合素/FAK/PI3K/Akt 信号激活来逆转乳腺癌细胞的上皮 - 间质转化
Authors Chen Y, Chen L, Zhang JY, Chen ZY, Liu T, Zhang YY, Fu LY, Fan SQ, Zhang MQ, Gan S, Zhang N, Shen XC
Received 17 March 2019
Accepted for publication 17 July 2019
Published 8 August 2019 Volume 2019:12 Pages 6253—6265
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S209056
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single-blind
Peer reviewers approved by Ms Shreya Arora
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr XuYu Yang
Purpose: Oxymatrine, an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb Sophora flavescens Aiton, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-immune, anti-hepatic fibrosis, and anti-cancer properties. However, the effects of oxymatrine on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells are still unclear.
Aim: The present study was performed to investigate whether oxymatrine reverses EMT in breast cancer cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Materials and methods: MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. Wound-healing assay and transwell chamber assay were used to assess cell migration and invasion, respectively. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to study the expression of EMT-related molecules and αⅤβ3 integrin/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling transduction. Fibronectin, a physiologic ligand of αⅤβ3 integrin, was used to stimulate αⅤβ3 integrin signaling.
Results: Our results demonstrated that oxymatrine effectively suppressed the viability of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 breast cancer cells, and oxymatrine showed less cytotoxicity on normal breast mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells. In addition, oxymatrine reversed EMT in the MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells at nontoxic concentrations. Oxymatrine significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, downregulated the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail in MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells, but upregulated the expression of E-cadherin in 4T1 cells. The mechanism revealed that oxymatrine decreased the expression of αⅤ and β3 integrin and their co-localization. It also inhibited αⅤβ3 integrin downstream activation by suppressing the phosphorylation of FAK, PI3K, and Akt. Furthermore, oxymatrine prevented fibronectin-induced EMT and αⅤβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling activation.
Conclusion: Our results revealed that oxymatrine effectively reversed EMT in breast cancer cells by depressing αⅤβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling. Thus, oxymatrine could be a potential therapeutic candidate with anti-metastatic potential for the treatment of breast cancer.
Keywords: oxymatrine, breast cancer, αⅤβ3 integrin, epithelial-mesenchymal transition