Objective: To evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the accumulation of its components with prostate cancer (PCa).
Patients and methods: Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were retrospectively included. Patients were grouped by low risk and intermediate-high risk according to International Society of Urological Pathology grade. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox hazard regression model were utilized to assess the association of MetS with overall survival, biochemical recurrence, upgrading, upstaging, and positive surgical margin (PSM) after prostatectomy. Besides, trend test was also performed to evaluate the impact of the accumulation of MetS components on postoperative pathological feature.
Results: A total of 1,083 patients were eventually enrolled. With a median follow-up of 40.45 months, 197 patients were diagnosed with MetS. No significant association between MetS and survival outcomes and pathological features was found. However, we did notice that the accumulation of the MetS components could lead to an elevated gradient of the PSM risk in the entire cohort (one component: OR=1.46; two components: OR=1.89; ≥3 components: OR=2.07; P  for trend=0.0194) and intermediate-high risk group (one component: OR=1.4; two components: OR=1.85; ≥3 components: OR=2.05; P  for trend=0.0127).
Conclusion: The accumulation of MetS components could lead to increasing risk of PSM on the entire PCa cohort and patients with intermediate-high risk PCa after prostatectomy, but not for the low-risk patients.
Keywords: prostate cancer, PCa, metabolic syndrome, MetS, International Society of Urological Pathology, ISUP, positive surgical margin, PSM