Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence is a clinical challenge. An accurate prediction system for patients with HCC is needed, since the choice of HCC treatment strategies is very important.
Patients and methods: A total of 804 patients with HCC who underwent curative resection at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were included in this study. Demographics, clinicopathological data, and follow-up information were collected.
Results: A logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships between clinical features and HCC recurrence. Tumor size (OR=1.454, 95% CI: 1.047–2.020, P =0.026) and TNM stage (OR=1.360, 95% CI: 1.021–1.813, P =0.036) were independent predictors of HCC recurrence after curative resection. Therefore, the following equation was established to predict HCC recurrence: 0.308×TNM+0.374×tumor size–0.639. The equation score was 0.53±0.23 in patients who experienced HCC recurrence compared with 0.47±0.24 in other patients. A similar trend was observed in patients who survived after the last follow-up, compared with those who did not, with scores of 0.37±0.26 vs 0.52±0.22, respectively (P <0.001). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with HCC with equation values >0.5 had significantly worse outcomes than those with equation values ≤0.5 (P <0.001) for overall survival (OS) and recurrence (P =0.043). Multivariate Cox analyses showed that tumor multiplicity (P =0.039), involucrum (P =0.029), vascular invasion (P <0.001), and equation value (P <0.001) were independent prognostic variables for OS, whereas tumor multiplicity (P =0.01), tumor differentiation (P =0.007), vascular invasion (P <0.001), involucrum (P =0.01), and equation value (P <0.001) were independent prognostic variables for HCC recurrence.
Conclusion: We established a novel and effective equation for predicting the probability of recurrence and OS after curative resection. Patients with a high recurrence score, based on this equation, should undergo additional high-end imaging examinations.
Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, recurrence, tumor size, TNM stage, equation