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Authors Wang B, Zhang XB, Wang W, Zhu ZZ, Tang F, Wang D, Liu X, Zhuang H, Yan XL
Received 15 November 2017
Accepted for publication 12 January 2018
Published 27 February 2018 Volume 2018:11 Pages 1067—1075
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S157126
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single-blind
Peer reviewers approved by Dr Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr William Cho
Purpose: Forkhead box K2 (FOXK2) is a member of the forkhead box family of
transcription factors. Recently, researchers discovered that overexpression of
FOXK2 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer, non-small
cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer, and is related to the clinical
prognosis. However, in hepatocellular carcinoma, FOXK2 results in the opposite
phenotypes. Currently, the contribution of FOXK2 to glioma pathogenesis is not
clear.
Patients and
methods: We evaluated the expression of
FOXK2 in 151 glioma patients using immunohistochemistry assays. The
associations among the expression of FOXK2, clinicopathological parameters, and
the prognosis of glioma patients were statistically analyzed. We downregulated
and upregulated the level of FOXK2 in glioma cells by transfections with small
interfering RNA and plasmids. Then, we investigated the effects on tumor cell
behavior in vitro by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, colony-formation assay,
transwell assay, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarker
levels.
Results: The clinical data showed that expression of FOXK2 gradually
decreased with increasing World Health Organization (WHO) grades and a low
level of FOXK2 indicates a poor prognosis. FOXK2 expression is negatively
correlated with Ki67 expression and the WHO degree but is not correlated with
other clinicopathological parameters, including sex, age, Karnofsky Performance
Status, tumor diameter, O-6-methylguanine-DNA
methyltransferase, and glutathione S-transferase pi.
FOXK2 knockdown enhances glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and
EMT process, and, in contrast, FOXK2 overexpression inhibits glioma cell
proliferation, migration, invasion, and the EMT process.
Conclusion: Expression of FOXK2 gradually decreases with increasing WHO grades.
FOXK2 inhibits tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. FOXK2 is a
critical mediator of the EMT process.
Keywords: Forkhead box K2, FOXK2, glioma, oncology