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已发表论文
益生菌对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的作用：系统综述概述
Authors Ren H, Zhang N , Li Y, Li Y, Wang M, Bu H, Wang H
Received 24 October 2025
Accepted for publication 30 January 2026
Published 21 February 2026 Volume 2026:19 576626
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S576626
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Jacopo Manso
Huixia Ren,* Naijin Zhang,* Yonghui Li, Yingxiang Li, Mengyang Wang, Huaien Bu, Hongwu Wang
School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Hongwu Wang, School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China, Email tjwanghw55@163.com Huaien Bu, School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China, Email buhuaien@l63.com
Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with adverse maternal and neonatal consequences. Probiotics have been proposed as a non-pharmacological intervention, but their effectiveness remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the methodological quality and reported efficacy evidence of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) on probiotic supplementation in pregnant women with GDM.
Methods: Four electronic databases were searched for English-language SRs/MAs published between 2017 and 2024 that examined probiotic supplementation in women with GDM. Methodological quality was assessed using PRISMA 2020, AMSTAR 2, and ROBIS, and reported efficacy outcomes were systematically synthesized.
Results: A total of 16 SRs/MAs were included. According to the AMSTAR-2 assessment, four studies were rated as low quality, while the remaining studies were rated very low. The PRISMA assessment showed that 8 of the 27 items had reporting completeness above 80%, whereas items 5, 8, and 22 showed completeness below 60%; at the study level, 12 SRs/MAs achieved overall PRISMA reporting completeness above 80%. The ROBIS scale assessment results showed that all SRs/MAs were rated as low risk of bias in Phase 1, Domain 1, Domain 3, and six items of Domain 4, as well as 12 items in Phase 3. However, in Domain 2, all SRs/MAs were rated as high risk. Regarding efficacy evaluation, probiotic supplementation significantly improved FPG, insulin-related indices (FSI, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, QUICKI), and lipid profiles (TG, TC, HDL-C, VLDL-C). In addition, probiotics showed effects on markers of inflammation (CRP) and oxidative stress (NO, MDA, GSH, TAC) and indicated benefits in reducing neonatal risks. However, heterogeneity and overlap among primary studies were identified.
Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation demonstrates efficacy in improving metabolic biomarkers related to GDM and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Nevertheless, the overall certainty of evidence is limited by suboptimal methodological quality, heterogeneity, and overlap among primary studies.
Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus, probiotic, pregnant women, meta-analysis, overview
School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Hongwu Wang, School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China, Email tjwanghw55@163.com Huaien Bu, School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China, Email buhuaien@l63.com
Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with adverse maternal and neonatal consequences. Probiotics have been proposed as a non-pharmacological intervention, but their effectiveness remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the methodological quality and reported efficacy evidence of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) on probiotic supplementation in pregnant women with GDM.
Methods: Four electronic databases were searched for English-language SRs/MAs published between 2017 and 2024 that examined probiotic supplementation in women with GDM. Methodological quality was assessed using PRISMA 2020, AMSTAR 2, and ROBIS, and reported efficacy outcomes were systematically synthesized.
Results: A total of 16 SRs/MAs were included. According to the AMSTAR-2 assessment, four studies were rated as low quality, while the remaining studies were rated very low. The PRISMA assessment showed that 8 of the 27 items had reporting completeness above 80%, whereas items 5, 8, and 22 showed completeness below 60%; at the study level, 12 SRs/MAs achieved overall PRISMA reporting completeness above 80%. The ROBIS scale assessment results showed that all SRs/MAs were rated as low risk of bias in Phase 1, Domain 1, Domain 3, and six items of Domain 4, as well as 12 items in Phase 3. However, in Domain 2, all SRs/MAs were rated as high risk. Regarding efficacy evaluation, probiotic supplementation significantly improved FPG, insulin-related indices (FSI, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, QUICKI), and lipid profiles (TG, TC, HDL-C, VLDL-C). In addition, probiotics showed effects on markers of inflammation (CRP) and oxidative stress (NO, MDA, GSH, TAC) and indicated benefits in reducing neonatal risks. However, heterogeneity and overlap among primary studies were identified.
Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation demonstrates efficacy in improving metabolic biomarkers related to GDM and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Nevertheless, the overall certainty of evidence is limited by suboptimal methodological quality, heterogeneity, and overlap among primary studies.
Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus, probiotic, pregnant women, meta-analysis, overview