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已发表论文
外泌体通过 TGF-β1/Smads 信号通路调控肝脏疾病及中医药干预：一项叙述性综述
Received 17 October 2025
Accepted for publication 7 January 2026
Published 30 January 2026 Volume 2026:19 572487
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S572487
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Fatih Türker
Guidong Huang,1 Zhipin Zhou2
1Department of Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Zhipin Zhou, Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, 545006, People’s Republic of China, Email gxzhouzhipin@126.com
Abstract: Liver disease is a common chronic illness with increasing incidence and mortality. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (30– 200 nm) containing complex RNAs and proteins that serve as mediators of intercellular communication. The role of exosomes in liver disease is complex and sometimes contradictory. In certain situations, they may suppress liver disease, whereas in others, they promote its progression. This duality raises important questions regarding the overall impact of these drugs on the treatment of liver disease. The Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 (TGF-β 1)/Smads signaling pathway plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of liver diseases, and exosomes mediate liver disease by regulating the TGF-β 1/Smads signaling pathway. Research has shown that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can exert liver-protective effects by influencing exosomes to modulate the TGF-β 1/Smads signaling pathway. Using keywords such as “exosomes”, “TGF-β 1/Smads signaling pathway”, “liver fibrosis”, “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “liver diseases”, and “traditional Chinese medicine”, this article reviews the literature from databases, including CNKI, PubMed, and SCOPUS. It summarizes how exosome-mediated regulation of the TGF-β 1/Smads signaling pathway affects the development of liver diseases and compiles relevant studies on the anti-liver disease effects of TCM through exosomal modulation of this pathway.
Keywords: exosome, TGF-β 1/Smads signaling pathway, liver disease, traditional Chinese medicine
1Department of Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Zhipin Zhou, Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, 545006, People’s Republic of China, Email gxzhouzhipin@126.com
Abstract: Liver disease is a common chronic illness with increasing incidence and mortality. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (30– 200 nm) containing complex RNAs and proteins that serve as mediators of intercellular communication. The role of exosomes in liver disease is complex and sometimes contradictory. In certain situations, they may suppress liver disease, whereas in others, they promote its progression. This duality raises important questions regarding the overall impact of these drugs on the treatment of liver disease. The Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 (TGF-β 1)/Smads signaling pathway plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of liver diseases, and exosomes mediate liver disease by regulating the TGF-β 1/Smads signaling pathway. Research has shown that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can exert liver-protective effects by influencing exosomes to modulate the TGF-β 1/Smads signaling pathway. Using keywords such as “exosomes”, “TGF-β 1/Smads signaling pathway”, “liver fibrosis”, “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “liver diseases”, and “traditional Chinese medicine”, this article reviews the literature from databases, including CNKI, PubMed, and SCOPUS. It summarizes how exosome-mediated regulation of the TGF-β 1/Smads signaling pathway affects the development of liver diseases and compiles relevant studies on the anti-liver disease effects of TCM through exosomal modulation of this pathway.
Keywords: exosome, TGF-β 1/Smads signaling pathway, liver disease, traditional Chinese medicine