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已发表论文
基于肠道微生物群和炎症标志物的儿童肥胖相关血清脂联素、瘦素和抵抗素水平多维分析：一项单中心横断面回顾性研究
Received 14 October 2025
Accepted for publication 16 January 2026
Published 5 February 2026 Volume 2026:19 569062
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S569062
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Xudong Zhu
Xing Wang,1 Yuan Wu,1 Xuhui Zhang2
1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shunyi Hospital, Beijing, 101300, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatrics, Ankang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, 725000, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Xuhui Zhang, Ankang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 47 Bashan East Road, Hanbin District, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, 725000, People’s Republic of China, Email zhangxuhui769@126.com
Objective: To investigate the correlation between childhood obesity and gut microbiota diversity, inflammatory status, and serum adipokine levels through a single-center cross-sectional retrospective study.
Methods: This study was a single-center cross-sectional retrospective analysis. A total of 116 obese children were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) based on BMI overweight degree and 40 healthy children (group D) were also enrolled. The fecal samples and the gut microbiota alpha diversity index (Chao1, Observed species, PDwholetree) were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA. The fasting serum was collected and used to detect the levels of inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-1 β, TNF - α) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) by ELISA assay. The inter group comparison was conducted using analysis of variance, and the correlation was analyzed by Pearson analysis.
Results: Compared with the healthy control group, the diversity index of gut microbiota and adiponectin levels in the obese group were significantly reduced, and decreased with the severity of obesity. The levels of inflammatory markers, leptin, and resistin significantly increased, and increased with the severity of obesity (all P< 0.05). According to Pearson correlation analysis, Chao1 index, Observed specific index and PD whole tree index were positively correlated with serum adiponectin levels (r=0.584, 0.552, 0.415, all P< 0.001), and negatively correlated with leptin (r=− 0.629, − 0.614, − 0.478, all P< 0.001) and resistin (r=− 0.499, − 0.444, − 0.273, P< 0.01). Serum CRP, IL-1 β, TNF - α were negatively correlated with adiponectin (r=− 0.565, − 0.676, − 0.709, all P< 0.001), and positively correlated with leptin (r=0.509, 0.661, 0.749, all P< 0.001) and resistin (r=0.457, 0.497, 0.533, all P< 0.001).
Conclusion: This single-center study indicates that obese children exhibit reduced gut microbiota diversity, chronic low-grade inflammation, and lipid factor imbalance, and these three factors are interrelated, suggesting a potential synergistic effect in the development of childhood obesity.
Keywords: gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, childhood obesity
1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shunyi Hospital, Beijing, 101300, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatrics, Ankang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, 725000, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Xuhui Zhang, Ankang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 47 Bashan East Road, Hanbin District, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, 725000, People’s Republic of China, Email zhangxuhui769@126.com
Objective: To investigate the correlation between childhood obesity and gut microbiota diversity, inflammatory status, and serum adipokine levels through a single-center cross-sectional retrospective study.
Methods: This study was a single-center cross-sectional retrospective analysis. A total of 116 obese children were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) based on BMI overweight degree and 40 healthy children (group D) were also enrolled. The fecal samples and the gut microbiota alpha diversity index (Chao1, Observed species, PDwholetree) were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA. The fasting serum was collected and used to detect the levels of inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-1 β, TNF - α) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) by ELISA assay. The inter group comparison was conducted using analysis of variance, and the correlation was analyzed by Pearson analysis.
Results: Compared with the healthy control group, the diversity index of gut microbiota and adiponectin levels in the obese group were significantly reduced, and decreased with the severity of obesity. The levels of inflammatory markers, leptin, and resistin significantly increased, and increased with the severity of obesity (all P< 0.05). According to Pearson correlation analysis, Chao1 index, Observed specific index and PD whole tree index were positively correlated with serum adiponectin levels (r=0.584, 0.552, 0.415, all P< 0.001), and negatively correlated with leptin (r=− 0.629, − 0.614, − 0.478, all P< 0.001) and resistin (r=− 0.499, − 0.444, − 0.273, P< 0.01). Serum CRP, IL-1 β, TNF - α were negatively correlated with adiponectin (r=− 0.565, − 0.676, − 0.709, all P< 0.001), and positively correlated with leptin (r=0.509, 0.661, 0.749, all P< 0.001) and resistin (r=0.457, 0.497, 0.533, all P< 0.001).
Conclusion: This single-center study indicates that obese children exhibit reduced gut microbiota diversity, chronic low-grade inflammation, and lipid factor imbalance, and these three factors are interrelated, suggesting a potential synergistic effect in the development of childhood obesity.
Keywords: gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, childhood obesity