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已发表论文
抗炎特性的沉香 (沉香属)：一项整合综述的植物化学，分子机制和治疗应用
Authors Zhang MM, Wen T, Cui MW, Guo ZL
Received 8 August 2025
Accepted for publication 12 December 2025
Published 5 February 2026 Volume 2026:20 559380
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S559380
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Professor Manfred Ogris
Miao-Miao Zhang,1,2,* Tao Wen,1,2,* Ming-Wang Cui,1,2 Zhu-Ling Guo1,2
1Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Zhu-Ling Guo, School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, People’s Republic of China, Email zlguo@ynpfph.org
Abstract: Agarwood, the aromatic resinous heartwood derived from Aquilaria and Gyrinops species, represents a promising natural resource for anti-inflammatory drug development. This comprehensive review synthesizes current scientific understanding of agarwood’s anti-inflammatory properties, bridging traditional medicinal applications with modern pharmacological validation. The review examines the phytochemical foundations of bioactivity, focusing on sesquiterpenoids and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones (PECs) as principal bioactive constituents. We elucidate multi-target molecular mechanisms through which these compounds modulate inflammatory responses, primarily via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, along with emerging targets including the NLRP3 inflammasome. Comprehensive analysis of preclinical evidence from both in vitro and in vivo models demonstrates agarwood’s efficacy across diverse inflammatory conditions, including gastrointestinal, hepatic, and neurological inflammation. Critical factors influencing therapeutic application, including phytochemical variability and bioavailability challenges addressed through advanced drug delivery systems, are systematically examined. Despite compelling preclinical data, significant translational gaps exist due to the absence of human clinical trials. This review identifies major challenges in standardization, sustainability, and clinical validation while proposing future research directions to advance agarwood-based therapeutics from traditional remedies to evidence-based medicine.
Keywords: agarwood, anti-inflammatory, phytochemistry, molecular mechanisms, NF-κB pathway, 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones
1Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Zhu-Ling Guo, School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, People’s Republic of China, Email zlguo@ynpfph.org
Abstract: Agarwood, the aromatic resinous heartwood derived from Aquilaria and Gyrinops species, represents a promising natural resource for anti-inflammatory drug development. This comprehensive review synthesizes current scientific understanding of agarwood’s anti-inflammatory properties, bridging traditional medicinal applications with modern pharmacological validation. The review examines the phytochemical foundations of bioactivity, focusing on sesquiterpenoids and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones (PECs) as principal bioactive constituents. We elucidate multi-target molecular mechanisms through which these compounds modulate inflammatory responses, primarily via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, along with emerging targets including the NLRP3 inflammasome. Comprehensive analysis of preclinical evidence from both in vitro and in vivo models demonstrates agarwood’s efficacy across diverse inflammatory conditions, including gastrointestinal, hepatic, and neurological inflammation. Critical factors influencing therapeutic application, including phytochemical variability and bioavailability challenges addressed through advanced drug delivery systems, are systematically examined. Despite compelling preclinical data, significant translational gaps exist due to the absence of human clinical trials. This review identifies major challenges in standardization, sustainability, and clinical validation while proposing future research directions to advance agarwood-based therapeutics from traditional remedies to evidence-based medicine.
Keywords: agarwood, anti-inflammatory, phytochemistry, molecular mechanisms, NF-κB pathway, 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones