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已发表论文
中国荨麻疹性血管炎患者临床特征：142例回顾性研究
Authors Hu W , Zhu Y, Geng S, Cao Z , Peng B
Received 7 November 2025
Accepted for publication 19 December 2025
Published 23 January 2026 Volume 2026:19 576374
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S576374
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Anish R. Maskey
Weihong Hu, Yanyan Zhu, Songmei Geng, Zhiqiang Cao, Bin Peng
Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710004, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Bin Peng, Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710004, People’s Republic of China, Email 1200006589@xjtu.edu.cn
Background: Normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (NUV) and hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV) share clinical features, notably wheals, yet clear differential diagnostic criteria are lacking.
Objective: To describe HUV and NUV features in Chinese inpatients for diagnosis.
Methods: Retrospective study (March 2017–June 2024, China) of NUV/HUV patients. We analyzed clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and histological features, and compared drug efficacy.
Results: Females constituted the majority of patients with urticarial vasculitis(UV). All patients present with wheals persisting for more than 24 hours, and 76.1% of the wheals exhibited partial or complete non-blanching. Angioedema was more common in patients with HUV than in NUV (44.4% vs 25.0%, p< 0.05). Systemic involvement was observed in 61.1% of HUV and 41.2% of NUV. HUV was significantly associated with autoimmune diseases (p< 0.05), decreased complement levels (C3, C4, C1q, and C1 inhibitor)(p< 0.001), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p< 0.01). A negative correlation between ESR and C3 levels was found in HUV, in contrast to a positive correlation in NUV. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) test showing immunoreactants at the blood vessel were present in 50% of patients with HUV and 18.2% patients with NUV. Regarding treatment, 91.9% of NUV responded effectively to oral corticosteroids, whereas only 66.7% of HUV did; the remaining 33.3% of HUV required combination therapy with biologics.
Conclusion: Our study identified key factors associated with the occurrence of UV subtypes. For patients with recurrent wheals, complement levels, ESR, and the distribution pattern of immunofluorescence deposits can serve as basis for classifying UV subtypes and prompt earlier treatment.
Keywords: urticarial vasculitis, hypocomplementemic, epidemiology, clinical profile
Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710004, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Bin Peng, Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710004, People’s Republic of China, Email 1200006589@xjtu.edu.cn
Background: Normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (NUV) and hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV) share clinical features, notably wheals, yet clear differential diagnostic criteria are lacking.
Objective: To describe HUV and NUV features in Chinese inpatients for diagnosis.
Methods: Retrospective study (March 2017–June 2024, China) of NUV/HUV patients. We analyzed clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and histological features, and compared drug efficacy.
Results: Females constituted the majority of patients with urticarial vasculitis(UV). All patients present with wheals persisting for more than 24 hours, and 76.1% of the wheals exhibited partial or complete non-blanching. Angioedema was more common in patients with HUV than in NUV (44.4% vs 25.0%, p< 0.05). Systemic involvement was observed in 61.1% of HUV and 41.2% of NUV. HUV was significantly associated with autoimmune diseases (p< 0.05), decreased complement levels (C3, C4, C1q, and C1 inhibitor)(p< 0.001), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p< 0.01). A negative correlation between ESR and C3 levels was found in HUV, in contrast to a positive correlation in NUV. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) test showing immunoreactants at the blood vessel were present in 50% of patients with HUV and 18.2% patients with NUV. Regarding treatment, 91.9% of NUV responded effectively to oral corticosteroids, whereas only 66.7% of HUV did; the remaining 33.3% of HUV required combination therapy with biologics.
Conclusion: Our study identified key factors associated with the occurrence of UV subtypes. For patients with recurrent wheals, complement levels, ESR, and the distribution pattern of immunofluorescence deposits can serve as basis for classifying UV subtypes and prompt earlier treatment.
Keywords: urticarial vasculitis, hypocomplementemic, epidemiology, clinical profile