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已发表论文
从抗生素耐药到细菌疫苗：控制耐药细菌感染的新路径
Authors Xiong F, Fang X, Lu Y, Lv W
Received 12 October 2025
Accepted for publication 21 January 2026
Published 30 January 2026 Volume 2026:19 573735
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S573735
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Hemant Joshi
Feiyang Xiong,1,2,* Xiayi Fang,1,* Yanping Lu,3 Wenliang Lv2
1Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Bao’an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Yanping Lu, Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Bao’an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613973195144, Email 1171932654@qq.com Wenliang Lv, Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8619267490697, Email 754774067@qq.com
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major threats to global health, with a complex and diverse underlying mechanism. Vaccines reduce the dependence on antimicrobial agents by preventing and treating bacterial and viral infections, as well as secondary infections caused by both, thereby lowering the risk of AMR. Unlike traditional antibiotics, bacterial vaccines trigger a long-lasting immune response that not only prevents bacterial infections but also inhibits the spread of resistant strains. They show significant advantages in reducing antibiotic use and lowering resistance risks. However, the development of bacterial vaccines faces several challenges, including the diversity of bacterial antigens, rapid evolution, and the difficulty of achieving broad-spectrum immune protection. Despite these challenges, advancements in vaccine technology and the optimization of delivery systems are making the application prospects of bacterial vaccines in combating resistant strains increasingly promising. We sequentially discuss resistance mechanisms, existing and emerging vaccine platforms, enabling technologies, and future perspectives.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, bacterial vaccines, bacterial infections, challenges, technology
1Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Bao’an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Yanping Lu, Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Bao’an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613973195144, Email 1171932654@qq.com Wenliang Lv, Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8619267490697, Email 754774067@qq.com
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major threats to global health, with a complex and diverse underlying mechanism. Vaccines reduce the dependence on antimicrobial agents by preventing and treating bacterial and viral infections, as well as secondary infections caused by both, thereby lowering the risk of AMR. Unlike traditional antibiotics, bacterial vaccines trigger a long-lasting immune response that not only prevents bacterial infections but also inhibits the spread of resistant strains. They show significant advantages in reducing antibiotic use and lowering resistance risks. However, the development of bacterial vaccines faces several challenges, including the diversity of bacterial antigens, rapid evolution, and the difficulty of achieving broad-spectrum immune protection. Despite these challenges, advancements in vaccine technology and the optimization of delivery systems are making the application prospects of bacterial vaccines in combating resistant strains increasingly promising. We sequentially discuss resistance mechanisms, existing and emerging vaccine platforms, enabling technologies, and future perspectives.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, bacterial vaccines, bacterial infections, challenges, technology