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已发表论文
异基因造血干细胞移植后发热性中性粒细胞减少症经验性使用亚胺培南/西司他丁/瑞来巴坦：两例病例报告
Authors Deng DX, Wang T, Sun H, Kong J, Zhang YY, Cao LQ, Mo XD
Received 10 September 2025
Accepted for publication 9 January 2026
Published 20 January 2026 Volume 2026:17 565949
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JBM.S565949
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Professor Chang Kim
Dao-Xing Deng,* Ting Wang,* Hui Sun,* Jun Kong, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Le-Qing Cao, Xiao-Dong Mo
Department of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Xiao-Dong Mo, Email mxd453@163.com
Abstract: Febrile neutropenia develops in approximately three-quarters of recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Among them, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) associated mortality reaches up to 70%. Thus, rapid identification of CRE-high-risk patients and prompt empiric CRE coverage are critical. Two allo-HSCT recipients whose febrile neutropenia persisted on empiric carbapenem were promptly escalated to imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam, alone or combined with aztreonam and tigecycline—before culture confirmation. Defervescence occurred within 24– 48 h, inflammatory markers declined progressively, and clinical infection control was achieved. Successful neutrophil and platelet engraftment followed. Immediate empiric imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam for CRE-high-risk allo-HSCT recipients with febrile neutropenia rapidly controlled infections and permitted successful hematopoietic recovery. Prospective studies are warranted.
Keywords: febrile neutropenia, carbapenem-resistant, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam, empiric therapy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Department of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Xiao-Dong Mo, Email mxd453@163.com
Abstract: Febrile neutropenia develops in approximately three-quarters of recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Among them, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) associated mortality reaches up to 70%. Thus, rapid identification of CRE-high-risk patients and prompt empiric CRE coverage are critical. Two allo-HSCT recipients whose febrile neutropenia persisted on empiric carbapenem were promptly escalated to imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam, alone or combined with aztreonam and tigecycline—before culture confirmation. Defervescence occurred within 24– 48 h, inflammatory markers declined progressively, and clinical infection control was achieved. Successful neutrophil and platelet engraftment followed. Immediate empiric imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam for CRE-high-risk allo-HSCT recipients with febrile neutropenia rapidly controlled infections and permitted successful hematopoietic recovery. Prospective studies are warranted.
Keywords: febrile neutropenia, carbapenem-resistant, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam, empiric therapy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation