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已发表论文
中医药治疗过敏性鼻炎：机制、证据与肠道—免疫轴靶点
Authors Liu S, Zhang Y , Lv J, Zhou L
Received 30 September 2025
Accepted for publication 15 December 2025
Published 10 January 2026 Volume 2026:19 571460
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S571460
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Luis Garcia-Marcos
Shuang Liu,1 Yu Zhang,2 Jian Lv,3 Ling Zhou4
1First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China; 4Otolaryngology Department, The First Hospital Affiliated, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Ling Zhou, Email zhouling8913@163.com Jian Lv, Email Lv914010978@163.com
Objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent allergic disorder with increasing global incidence, and gut microbiota dysbiosis has emerged as a key pathogenic factor. This review systematically synthesizes evidence on how traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)—including single herbs, herbal formulas, and auxiliary therapies—alleviates AR by targeting gut microbiota, aiming to clarify mechanistic pathways and provide evidence-based support for clinical practice.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Embase databases. Keywords included [“Traditional Chinese Medicine” or “TCM” or “Chinese herbal medicine” or “herbal formula”], [“allergic rhinitis” or “AR”], [“gut microbiota” or “intestinal microbiota”], [“immune regulation”], [“intestinal barrier”], and [“inflammatory mediator”]. Only peer-reviewed studies (human or animal models) focusing on TCM-gut microbiota-AR interactions were included; non-relevant, non-peer-reviewed, or duplicate articles were excluded.
Results: A total of 210 relevant studies were initially identified from the three databases (PubMed: 67, Embase: 55, CNKI: 88); subsequently, 122 duplicate records, 44 irrelevant records (38 with title mismatch, 6 including meetings, case reports, and protocols), and 22 low-quality studies were excluded, and finally 24 studies were included in this review. TCM exerts anti-AR effects through multi-targeted modulation of the gut microbiota-intestinal barrier-immune axis. TCM (eg, Astragalus membranaceus, Xiaoqinglong Decoction) increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria (eg, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) and reduces pathogenic taxa, while promoting the production of microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). TCM components upregulate tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin) and activate the PI3K/Akt pathway to enhance intestinal epithelial integrity, reducing barrier permeability. TCM balances Th1/Th2/Treg cell subsets, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, and reduces pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α) while elevating anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IFN-γ). Clinical trials confirm TCM alleviates AR symptoms (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea), lowers serum IgE levels, and reduces disease recurrence.
Conclusion: TCM ameliorates AR by integrating gut microbiota modulation, intestinal barrier repair, and immune regulation—highlighting its multi-pathway, multi-target advantages. Current limitations include insufficient large-scale randomized controlled trials and unclear TCM-microbiota crosstalk at the molecular level. Future research should leverage multi-omics technologies to decipher precise mechanisms and explore TCM-Western medicine combinations for optimized AR management.
Keywords: traditional Chinese medicine, allergic rhinitis, gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, immune regulation, inflammatory mediator
1First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China; 4Otolaryngology Department, The First Hospital Affiliated, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Ling Zhou, Email zhouling8913@163.com Jian Lv, Email Lv914010978@163.com
Objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent allergic disorder with increasing global incidence, and gut microbiota dysbiosis has emerged as a key pathogenic factor. This review systematically synthesizes evidence on how traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)—including single herbs, herbal formulas, and auxiliary therapies—alleviates AR by targeting gut microbiota, aiming to clarify mechanistic pathways and provide evidence-based support for clinical practice.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Embase databases. Keywords included [“Traditional Chinese Medicine” or “TCM” or “Chinese herbal medicine” or “herbal formula”], [“allergic rhinitis” or “AR”], [“gut microbiota” or “intestinal microbiota”], [“immune regulation”], [“intestinal barrier”], and [“inflammatory mediator”]. Only peer-reviewed studies (human or animal models) focusing on TCM-gut microbiota-AR interactions were included; non-relevant, non-peer-reviewed, or duplicate articles were excluded.
Results: A total of 210 relevant studies were initially identified from the three databases (PubMed: 67, Embase: 55, CNKI: 88); subsequently, 122 duplicate records, 44 irrelevant records (38 with title mismatch, 6 including meetings, case reports, and protocols), and 22 low-quality studies were excluded, and finally 24 studies were included in this review. TCM exerts anti-AR effects through multi-targeted modulation of the gut microbiota-intestinal barrier-immune axis. TCM (eg, Astragalus membranaceus, Xiaoqinglong Decoction) increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria (eg, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) and reduces pathogenic taxa, while promoting the production of microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). TCM components upregulate tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin) and activate the PI3K/Akt pathway to enhance intestinal epithelial integrity, reducing barrier permeability. TCM balances Th1/Th2/Treg cell subsets, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, and reduces pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α) while elevating anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IFN-γ). Clinical trials confirm TCM alleviates AR symptoms (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea), lowers serum IgE levels, and reduces disease recurrence.
Conclusion: TCM ameliorates AR by integrating gut microbiota modulation, intestinal barrier repair, and immune regulation—highlighting its multi-pathway, multi-target advantages. Current limitations include insufficient large-scale randomized controlled trials and unclear TCM-microbiota crosstalk at the molecular level. Future research should leverage multi-omics technologies to decipher precise mechanisms and explore TCM-Western medicine combinations for optimized AR management.
Keywords: traditional Chinese medicine, allergic rhinitis, gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, immune regulation, inflammatory mediator