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已发表论文
中国医药制造业创新绩效：基于 WSR 视角的动态 QCA 分析
Authors Zhu W, Tao S, Zhou X, Fu R
Received 15 August 2025
Accepted for publication 31 December 2025
Published 13 January 2026 Volume 2026:18 560908
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/CEOR.S560908
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Prof. Dr. Dean Smith
Wangwang Zhu,1 Shiqi Tao,2 Xiaoying Zhou,1 Rui Fu3
1Department of Rehabilitation and Health Care, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Hospital Economics and Management, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 3Organization and Personnel Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuxi (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Rui Fu, Organization and Personnel Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuxi (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, People’s Republic of China, Email 1161089398@qq.com
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the theoretical foundations and driving mechanisms of innovation performance in the Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, offering theoretical and practical insights for enhancing the industry’s innovation capacity and global competitiveness.
Patients and Methods: Drawing upon the “Wuli-Shili-Renli” (WSR) systems methodology and a configurational perspective, this study employs dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to analyze Chinese provincial panel data spanning 2015– 2021. The study explores the configurational effects of influencing factors across three dimensions—digital economy, environmental regulation, and social capital—on the innovation performance of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry across 30 Chinese provinces and municipalities.
Results: (1) The consistency scores for all antecedent conditions were below 0.9, indicating that no single factor constitutes a necessary condition for high innovation performance in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. (2) Three effective configurational paths driving high innovation performance were identified: the “dual-driven”, “multiple-dominant”, and “balanced coordination” paths. The overall solution consistency was 0.938, with an overall solution coverage of 0.511. (3) Temporally, configuration consistency exhibited a marked decline in 2017 and 2019, dropping below 0.9. (4) Spatially, the “balanced coordination” path achieved the highest provincial coverage, accounting for approximately 60%. Meanwhile, the “multiple-dominant” path revealed significant regional disparities, underscoring the need for most provinces to promote collaborative innovation within the industry.
Conclusion: The integration of the “Wuli-Shili-Renli” (WSR) systems methodology with dynamic fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) transcends the limitations of single-paradigm research. This study offers two primary contributions. First, it provides a robust theoretical framework for analyzing high innovation performance in the Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, thereby enriching the international innovation management literature. Second, it serves as a cross-cultural exemplar, synthesizing Eastern systems thinking with Western empirical methods to advance the global discourse on pharmaceutical innovation. Furthermore, the findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to foster high-quality development and enhance the global competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry.
Keywords: pharmaceutical manufacturing, innovation performance, wuli-shili-renli methodology, digital economy, dynamic fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis
1Department of Rehabilitation and Health Care, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Hospital Economics and Management, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 3Organization and Personnel Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuxi (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Rui Fu, Organization and Personnel Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuxi (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, People’s Republic of China, Email 1161089398@qq.com
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the theoretical foundations and driving mechanisms of innovation performance in the Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, offering theoretical and practical insights for enhancing the industry’s innovation capacity and global competitiveness.
Patients and Methods: Drawing upon the “Wuli-Shili-Renli” (WSR) systems methodology and a configurational perspective, this study employs dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to analyze Chinese provincial panel data spanning 2015– 2021. The study explores the configurational effects of influencing factors across three dimensions—digital economy, environmental regulation, and social capital—on the innovation performance of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry across 30 Chinese provinces and municipalities.
Results: (1) The consistency scores for all antecedent conditions were below 0.9, indicating that no single factor constitutes a necessary condition for high innovation performance in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. (2) Three effective configurational paths driving high innovation performance were identified: the “dual-driven”, “multiple-dominant”, and “balanced coordination” paths. The overall solution consistency was 0.938, with an overall solution coverage of 0.511. (3) Temporally, configuration consistency exhibited a marked decline in 2017 and 2019, dropping below 0.9. (4) Spatially, the “balanced coordination” path achieved the highest provincial coverage, accounting for approximately 60%. Meanwhile, the “multiple-dominant” path revealed significant regional disparities, underscoring the need for most provinces to promote collaborative innovation within the industry.
Conclusion: The integration of the “Wuli-Shili-Renli” (WSR) systems methodology with dynamic fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) transcends the limitations of single-paradigm research. This study offers two primary contributions. First, it provides a robust theoretical framework for analyzing high innovation performance in the Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, thereby enriching the international innovation management literature. Second, it serves as a cross-cultural exemplar, synthesizing Eastern systems thinking with Western empirical methods to advance the global discourse on pharmaceutical innovation. Furthermore, the findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to foster high-quality development and enhance the global competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry.
Keywords: pharmaceutical manufacturing, innovation performance, wuli-shili-renli methodology, digital economy, dynamic fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis