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已发表论文
2 型糖尿病患者中 GGT/HDL-C 比值与糖尿病肾病的相关性
Authors Teng C, Lin H, Xu J , Wu X
Received 12 November 2025
Accepted for publication 19 December 2025
Published 31 December 2025 Volume 2025:18 Pages 4859—4871
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S581025
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Rebecca Baqiyyah Conway
Chenhuai Teng,1,* Hao Lin,2,* Jing Xu,3 Xiaoying Wu3
1Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Pingyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Xiaoying Wu, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email Wuxy_1978@163.com
Purpose: The ratio of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (GHR) represents a novel non-insulin-based biomarker for evaluating the risk of NAFLD and T2DM. However, its correlation with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unexplored. This study aims to explore the association between GHR and DKD in patients with T2DM.
Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2798 patients diagnosed as T2DM admitted to the hospital from 2018 to 2023 were assessed. The analysis was conducted through restricted cubic spline (RCS) and logistic regression methodologies, complemented by additional stratified and interaction analyses.
Results: As the quartiles of GHR increase, there is a notable increase in the prevalence of DKD, with the rates of 43.2%, 47.2%, 52.1%, and 57.4%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between GHR and DKD (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.05– 1.30), which was consistently observed across all subgroups through stratified analysis. RCS analysis identified an inverted L-shaped association, with an inflection point at 84.5. Additionally, AUC for GHR (AUC = 0.637, 95% CI: 0.616– 0.657) was significantly higher compared to those of GGT and HDL alone.
Conclusion: GHR exhibits a positive association with the risk of DKD, underscoring its potential utility as a cost-effective biomarker for stratifying the risk of DKD.
Keywords: diabetic kidney disease, GHR, insulin resistance, TyG, type 2 diabetes mellitus
1Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Pingyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Xiaoying Wu, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email Wuxy_1978@163.com
Purpose: The ratio of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (GHR) represents a novel non-insulin-based biomarker for evaluating the risk of NAFLD and T2DM. However, its correlation with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unexplored. This study aims to explore the association between GHR and DKD in patients with T2DM.
Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2798 patients diagnosed as T2DM admitted to the hospital from 2018 to 2023 were assessed. The analysis was conducted through restricted cubic spline (RCS) and logistic regression methodologies, complemented by additional stratified and interaction analyses.
Results: As the quartiles of GHR increase, there is a notable increase in the prevalence of DKD, with the rates of 43.2%, 47.2%, 52.1%, and 57.4%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between GHR and DKD (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.05– 1.30), which was consistently observed across all subgroups through stratified analysis. RCS analysis identified an inverted L-shaped association, with an inflection point at 84.5. Additionally, AUC for GHR (AUC = 0.637, 95% CI: 0.616– 0.657) was significantly higher compared to those of GGT and HDL alone.
Conclusion: GHR exhibits a positive association with the risk of DKD, underscoring its potential utility as a cost-effective biomarker for stratifying the risk of DKD.
Keywords: diabetic kidney disease, GHR, insulin resistance, TyG, type 2 diabetes mellitus