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已发表论文
姜灸通过激活瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型 1 调节蓝斑 - 脊髓 - 子宫通路以缓解大鼠原发性痛经
Authors Wang X , Yang L, Bi K , Zhou M , Wang D, Zhao Z, Mi S, Li X
Received 5 August 2025
Accepted for publication 17 December 2025
Published 25 December 2025 Volume 2025:18 Pages 7109—7125
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S554548
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Professor E Alfonso Romero-Sandoval
Xiaoyan Wang,1,2,* Liyun Yang,1,2,* Kuo Bi,1,2 Min Zhou,1,2 Di Wang,1,2 Zhiguo Zhao,1 Shuqi Mi,1,2 Xinhua Li1,2
1College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 2Hebei International Joint Research Center for Dominant Diseases in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Shuqi Mi, College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China, Email mishuqi@hebcm.edu.cn Xinhua Li, College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China, Email lixinhua@hebcm.edu.cn
Objective: To investigate the effect of ginger moxibustion at “Shenque” (CV8) and “Guanyuan” (CV4) acupoints on primary dysmenorrhea (PD) rats and explore the possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanism.
Methods: Forty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank group (BG), model group (MG), ginger moxibustion group (GMG), antagonist capsazepine group (CPZG), and ibuprofen group (IG). PD models were established via cold stimulation combined with estradiol benzoate and oxytocin administration. GMG received ginger moxibustion, CPZG was pretreated with CPZ before ginger moxibustion, and IG received ibuprofen via gavage. Post-intervention, rat pain thresholds and writhing scores were measured; uterine pathology was observed via HE staining; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and Western blotting (WB) were used to measure relevant biomarkers.
Results: Ginger moxibustion significantly elevated pain thresholds and reduced writhing scores (vs MG, P< 0.01). Capsazepine partially reversed these effects (vs GMG, P< 0.05). Ginger moxibustion up-regulated TRPV1 and SP expression at acupoints (vs MG, P< 0.01), whereas capsazepine suppressed their expression (vs GMG, P< 0.01). Ginger moxibustion decreased uterine NE levels while increasing NE concentrations in both the spinal cord and locus coeruleus (vs MG, P< 0.01); Following CPZ antagonism, uterine NE increased while central NE decreased (vs GMG, P < 0.05). Ginger moxibustion downregulated serum TNF-α, IL-6 and uterine PGF2α (vs MG, P < 0.01), while upregulating β 2-AR expression; It promoted M2-type polarization of macrophages (increased CD206 and M2/M0 ratio, decreased CD86 and M1/M0 ratio, P < 0.01), with CPZ partially reversing this effect.
Conclusion: Ginger moxibustion at “Shenque” (CV8) and “Guanyuan” (CV4) acupoints exerts synergistic analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects by activating the TRPV1 channels in acupoint areas, initiating the bidirectional regulation of the locus coeruleus-spinal cord-uterus norepinephrine (NE) pathway, and inducing M2 polarization of macrophages.
Keywords: primary dysmenorrhea, ginger moxibustion, TRPV1, norepinephrine, macrophage polarization
1College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 2Hebei International Joint Research Center for Dominant Diseases in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Shuqi Mi, College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China, Email mishuqi@hebcm.edu.cn Xinhua Li, College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China, Email lixinhua@hebcm.edu.cn
Objective: To investigate the effect of ginger moxibustion at “Shenque” (CV8) and “Guanyuan” (CV4) acupoints on primary dysmenorrhea (PD) rats and explore the possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanism.
Methods: Forty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank group (BG), model group (MG), ginger moxibustion group (GMG), antagonist capsazepine group (CPZG), and ibuprofen group (IG). PD models were established via cold stimulation combined with estradiol benzoate and oxytocin administration. GMG received ginger moxibustion, CPZG was pretreated with CPZ before ginger moxibustion, and IG received ibuprofen via gavage. Post-intervention, rat pain thresholds and writhing scores were measured; uterine pathology was observed via HE staining; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and Western blotting (WB) were used to measure relevant biomarkers.
Results: Ginger moxibustion significantly elevated pain thresholds and reduced writhing scores (vs MG, P< 0.01). Capsazepine partially reversed these effects (vs GMG, P< 0.05). Ginger moxibustion up-regulated TRPV1 and SP expression at acupoints (vs MG, P< 0.01), whereas capsazepine suppressed their expression (vs GMG, P< 0.01). Ginger moxibustion decreased uterine NE levels while increasing NE concentrations in both the spinal cord and locus coeruleus (vs MG, P< 0.01); Following CPZ antagonism, uterine NE increased while central NE decreased (vs GMG, P < 0.05). Ginger moxibustion downregulated serum TNF-α, IL-6 and uterine PGF2α (vs MG, P < 0.01), while upregulating β 2-AR expression; It promoted M2-type polarization of macrophages (increased CD206 and M2/M0 ratio, decreased CD86 and M1/M0 ratio, P < 0.01), with CPZ partially reversing this effect.
Conclusion: Ginger moxibustion at “Shenque” (CV8) and “Guanyuan” (CV4) acupoints exerts synergistic analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects by activating the TRPV1 channels in acupoint areas, initiating the bidirectional regulation of the locus coeruleus-spinal cord-uterus norepinephrine (NE) pathway, and inducing M2 polarization of macrophages.
Keywords: primary dysmenorrhea, ginger moxibustion, TRPV1, norepinephrine, macrophage polarization