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已发表论文
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）潜在靶向治疗及化疗疗效生物标志物的图谱
Authors Kang Y , Liu Y, Liang Z, Zhang S, Qiao G
Received 13 July 2025
Accepted for publication 15 November 2025
Published 26 December 2025 Volume 2025:17 Pages 1341—1367
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S553421
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Pooja Advani
Yujuan Kang,* Yanqing Liu,* Zhi Liang,* Song Zhang,* Guangdong Qiao
Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Guangdong Qiao, Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China, Email qiaoguangdong@ytyhdyy2.wecom.work
Abstract: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized as an estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) negative disease with an enhanced systemic metastatic incidence, chemotherapeutic insensitivity, and drug resistance. The internal characteristics of TNBC are extraordinary complex and are accompanied by numerous gene mutations and constitutively activated signaling networks, which, in turn, augment TNBC malignancy. There is an urgency to uncover new and potent therapeutic targets for TNBC. Herein, we discussed the historical as well as newly discovered subtypes and properties of TNBC. We also presented a systematic outline of the aberrant gene expression and abnormal activated signaling networks in TNBC. Subsequently, we summarized the corresponding targeted therapeutic drugs, and reviewed the current targeted TNBC therapies launched in clinical trials, thereby providing a direction for future TNBC therapy. We also provided a detailed list of coding genes involved in chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistance of TNBC, which can potentially serve as indicators of chemotherapeutic efficacy. Finally, we discussed the novel and future potential treatments of TNBC. This review highlighted the new era of TNBC treatment in the coming years and provided the gene expression profile of TNBC patients who may benefit from chemotherapy.
Keywords: TNBC, immunotherapy, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, BRCA, EGFR, FGFR, PD-L1, CDK, chemo-sensitive, chemo-resistance
Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Guangdong Qiao, Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China, Email qiaoguangdong@ytyhdyy2.wecom.work
Abstract: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized as an estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) negative disease with an enhanced systemic metastatic incidence, chemotherapeutic insensitivity, and drug resistance. The internal characteristics of TNBC are extraordinary complex and are accompanied by numerous gene mutations and constitutively activated signaling networks, which, in turn, augment TNBC malignancy. There is an urgency to uncover new and potent therapeutic targets for TNBC. Herein, we discussed the historical as well as newly discovered subtypes and properties of TNBC. We also presented a systematic outline of the aberrant gene expression and abnormal activated signaling networks in TNBC. Subsequently, we summarized the corresponding targeted therapeutic drugs, and reviewed the current targeted TNBC therapies launched in clinical trials, thereby providing a direction for future TNBC therapy. We also provided a detailed list of coding genes involved in chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistance of TNBC, which can potentially serve as indicators of chemotherapeutic efficacy. Finally, we discussed the novel and future potential treatments of TNBC. This review highlighted the new era of TNBC treatment in the coming years and provided the gene expression profile of TNBC patients who may benefit from chemotherapy.
Keywords: TNBC, immunotherapy, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, BRCA, EGFR, FGFR, PD-L1, CDK, chemo-sensitive, chemo-resistance