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已发表论文
粪菌移植治疗注意缺陷/多动障碍：机制、证据及未来方向
Authors Xiao Y, Wei L, Yu J, Liu Y
Received 19 June 2025
Accepted for publication 29 October 2025
Published 7 November 2025 Volume 2025:18 Pages 6757—6767
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S548322
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Woon-Man Kung
Yongfang Xiao,1 Linyang Wei,2 Jianquan Yu,3 Yu Liu4
1Department of Pediatrics, Shouguang Hospital of T.C.M, Weifang, 262700, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Shouguang Hospital of T.C.M, Weifang, 262700, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of General Surgery, Shouguang Hospital of T.C.M, Weifang, 262700, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardiology, Hulunbuir Zhong Meng Hospital, Hulunbuir, 021000, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Yu Liu, Department of Cardiology, Hulunbuir Zhong Meng Hospital, No. 58 West Street, Hailar District, Hulunbuir, 021000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15615263706, Email Liuyudoctor@163.com
Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While pharmacological and behavioral therapies remain first-line treatments, their limitations in efficacy, tolerability, and long-term adherence underscore the need for innovative interventions. Growing evidence highlights the role of the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) in ADHD pathophysiology, particularly involving immune dysregulation, neurotransmitter imbalance, metabolic disruption, and epigenetic alterations. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as a microbiota-based intervention, has shown promise in restoring MGBA homeostasis and modulating neural function through multiple mechanisms. This review summarizes current preclinical and clinical research on FMT in ADHD, covering its effects on neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter pathways, vagus nerve and HPA axis signaling, and epigenetic reprogramming. Although preclinical models and early human data indicate potential behavioral benefits and mechanistic plausibility, methodological heterogeneity, limited sample sizes, and incomplete mechanistic validation pose significant challenges. Future research should prioritize protocol standardization, randomized controlled trials, biomarker discovery, and ethical regulation to facilitate the safe and effective clinical translation of FMT in ADHD treatment.
Keywords: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT, microbiota–gut–brain axis, MGBA, gut microbiota dysbiosis, neuroinflammation
1Department of Pediatrics, Shouguang Hospital of T.C.M, Weifang, 262700, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Shouguang Hospital of T.C.M, Weifang, 262700, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of General Surgery, Shouguang Hospital of T.C.M, Weifang, 262700, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardiology, Hulunbuir Zhong Meng Hospital, Hulunbuir, 021000, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Yu Liu, Department of Cardiology, Hulunbuir Zhong Meng Hospital, No. 58 West Street, Hailar District, Hulunbuir, 021000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15615263706, Email Liuyudoctor@163.com
Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While pharmacological and behavioral therapies remain first-line treatments, their limitations in efficacy, tolerability, and long-term adherence underscore the need for innovative interventions. Growing evidence highlights the role of the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) in ADHD pathophysiology, particularly involving immune dysregulation, neurotransmitter imbalance, metabolic disruption, and epigenetic alterations. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as a microbiota-based intervention, has shown promise in restoring MGBA homeostasis and modulating neural function through multiple mechanisms. This review summarizes current preclinical and clinical research on FMT in ADHD, covering its effects on neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter pathways, vagus nerve and HPA axis signaling, and epigenetic reprogramming. Although preclinical models and early human data indicate potential behavioral benefits and mechanistic plausibility, methodological heterogeneity, limited sample sizes, and incomplete mechanistic validation pose significant challenges. Future research should prioritize protocol standardization, randomized controlled trials, biomarker discovery, and ethical regulation to facilitate the safe and effective clinical translation of FMT in ADHD treatment.
Keywords: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT, microbiota–gut–brain axis, MGBA, gut microbiota dysbiosis, neuroinflammation