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已发表论文
中国某医院伤口感染的细菌谱特征及耐药模式分析
Authors Bilal H , Khan MN, Shafiq M , Farooq U, Khan S
Received 1 August 2025
Accepted for publication 3 November 2025
Published 7 November 2025 Volume 2025:18 Pages 5801—5816
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S552862
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Sandip Patil
Hazrat Bilal,1 Muhammad Nadeem Khan,2 Muhammad Shafiq,3 Umar Farooq,4 Sabir Khan4
1Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Oncology (2024SSY06041), Jiangxi Cancer Hospital & Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China; 3Research Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China; 4Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Sabir Khan, Email sabir_khan182@yahoo.com Umar Farooq, Email umarfarooq@jflab.ac.cn
Background: Wound infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria challenge treatment and infection control, particularly in healthcare settings of underdeveloped regions, such as Shantou.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed bacterial spectrum and antimicrobial resistance patterns of wound isolates collected from January 2015 to December 2023 at the Skin and Venereal Disease Prevention and Control Hospital, Shantou, China. Patient data (type, age, sex, infection site) were extracted independently by two researchers. Bacteria were identified using the MALDI Biotyper System or VITEK 2 COMPACT System. Data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 8.0.2, using the chi-square test for comparisons; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 790 wound specimens were processed using standard microbiological techniques. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent pathogen (39.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.89%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (6.21%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.88%) and Escherichia coli (5.21%). Of these, male patients accounted for 363 of 420 (86.4%) cases, more than females, who accounted for 232 of 370 (62.7%). The highest incidence occurred in the 2– 17-year age group (25.0%), followed by those aged 51– 60 years (14.9%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was noted in 41.9% of E. coli and 29.7% of K. pneumoniae. Among the Gram-positive multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, S. haemolyticus (91.8%), S. epidermidis (91.4%), and S. aureus (73.9%) were the most resistant. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounted for 68.5% of S. aureus, with high resistance to penicillin (97.3%) and erythromycin (73.5%). MR-CoNS, mainly S. epidermidis, was resistant to erythromycin (88.5%) and oxacillin (77.1%).
Conclusion: The high prevalence of MRSA (68.5%) and MDR S. aureus (73.6%) may reflect widespread antibiotic misuse, emphasizing the need for culture-guided therapy and robust antibiotic stewardship.
Keywords: bacterial spectrum, wound infections, antimicrobial resistance trends, extended-spectrum β-lactamase, ESBL, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA
1Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Oncology (2024SSY06041), Jiangxi Cancer Hospital & Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China; 3Research Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China; 4Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Sabir Khan, Email sabir_khan182@yahoo.com Umar Farooq, Email umarfarooq@jflab.ac.cn
Background: Wound infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria challenge treatment and infection control, particularly in healthcare settings of underdeveloped regions, such as Shantou.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed bacterial spectrum and antimicrobial resistance patterns of wound isolates collected from January 2015 to December 2023 at the Skin and Venereal Disease Prevention and Control Hospital, Shantou, China. Patient data (type, age, sex, infection site) were extracted independently by two researchers. Bacteria were identified using the MALDI Biotyper System or VITEK 2 COMPACT System. Data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 8.0.2, using the chi-square test for comparisons; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 790 wound specimens were processed using standard microbiological techniques. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent pathogen (39.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.89%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (6.21%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.88%) and Escherichia coli (5.21%). Of these, male patients accounted for 363 of 420 (86.4%) cases, more than females, who accounted for 232 of 370 (62.7%). The highest incidence occurred in the 2– 17-year age group (25.0%), followed by those aged 51– 60 years (14.9%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was noted in 41.9% of E. coli and 29.7% of K. pneumoniae. Among the Gram-positive multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, S. haemolyticus (91.8%), S. epidermidis (91.4%), and S. aureus (73.9%) were the most resistant. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounted for 68.5% of S. aureus, with high resistance to penicillin (97.3%) and erythromycin (73.5%). MR-CoNS, mainly S. epidermidis, was resistant to erythromycin (88.5%) and oxacillin (77.1%).
Conclusion: The high prevalence of MRSA (68.5%) and MDR S. aureus (73.6%) may reflect widespread antibiotic misuse, emphasizing the need for culture-guided therapy and robust antibiotic stewardship.
Keywords: bacterial spectrum, wound infections, antimicrobial resistance trends, extended-spectrum β-lactamase, ESBL, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA