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已发表论文
健康个体工作记忆负荷依赖性皮质分散注意力镇痛机制：一项近红外光谱研究
Authors Du R, Lao M, Cheng M, Wang Z, Zheng Z, Tang P , Hu Y, Wu W
Received 12 June 2025
Accepted for publication 11 October 2025
Published 25 October 2025 Volume 2025:18 Pages 5599—5615
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S546795
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Jonathan Greenberg
Rongwei Du,* Mengting Lao,* Meiling Cheng,* Zhujun Wang, Zhouxue Zheng, Peishan Tang, Yingxuan Hu, Wen Wu
Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Wen Wu, Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13611427189, Email wuwen66@163.com
Purpose: As a central element of executive function, working memory (WM) contributes to pain regulation by balancing cognitive resources between goal-directed attention and attention captured by nociceptive stimuli. Although WM load influences pain perception, its modulatory mechanism remains to be explored, particularly functional network interactions among pain-related brain regions during distraction. This study aims to investigate the effect of different-load WM tasks on pain perception via behavioral measures and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data, and to explore the underlying cortical neural mechanism.
Patients and Methods: Thirty-five healthy participants completed experiments under synchronized fNIRS. In the first part, participants completed a laser stimuli pain-rating task. In the second part, a 2 × 2 within-subject design was used to assess the distraction effect on pain perception. Participants performed an n-back task during two WM loads: high load (2-back) and low load (0-back), while receiving stimuli (with or without laser stimuli) to their right hand. All participants completed trials in five experimental conditions: pain task, 0-back task, 2-back task, 0-back with pain task, and 2-back with pain task. Pain intensity ratings and cognitive performance (accuracy and reaction time) were recorded.
Results: High load WM significantly reduced both the perceived pain intensity and nociceptive neural activation in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2). In contrast to n-back task, n-back with pain task showed a significant reduction in functional connectivity between brain regions within the high load group, including RS2-anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC), RSM1-right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (RDLPFC), RSM1-aPFC, and LSM1-aPFC.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence for load-dependent cortical mechanism of distraction analgesia in healthy individuals. We conclude that distraction analgesia effect of WM may result from suppression of sensorimotor cortical activity and decoupling of pain-processing networks.
Keywords: distraction analgesia, working memory, pain, cortical mechanism, functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Wen Wu, Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13611427189, Email wuwen66@163.com
Purpose: As a central element of executive function, working memory (WM) contributes to pain regulation by balancing cognitive resources between goal-directed attention and attention captured by nociceptive stimuli. Although WM load influences pain perception, its modulatory mechanism remains to be explored, particularly functional network interactions among pain-related brain regions during distraction. This study aims to investigate the effect of different-load WM tasks on pain perception via behavioral measures and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data, and to explore the underlying cortical neural mechanism.
Patients and Methods: Thirty-five healthy participants completed experiments under synchronized fNIRS. In the first part, participants completed a laser stimuli pain-rating task. In the second part, a 2 × 2 within-subject design was used to assess the distraction effect on pain perception. Participants performed an n-back task during two WM loads: high load (2-back) and low load (0-back), while receiving stimuli (with or without laser stimuli) to their right hand. All participants completed trials in five experimental conditions: pain task, 0-back task, 2-back task, 0-back with pain task, and 2-back with pain task. Pain intensity ratings and cognitive performance (accuracy and reaction time) were recorded.
Results: High load WM significantly reduced both the perceived pain intensity and nociceptive neural activation in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2). In contrast to n-back task, n-back with pain task showed a significant reduction in functional connectivity between brain regions within the high load group, including RS2-anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC), RSM1-right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (RDLPFC), RSM1-aPFC, and LSM1-aPFC.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence for load-dependent cortical mechanism of distraction analgesia in healthy individuals. We conclude that distraction analgesia effect of WM may result from suppression of sensorimotor cortical activity and decoupling of pain-processing networks.
Keywords: distraction analgesia, working memory, pain, cortical mechanism, functional near-infrared spectroscopy