Background: While studies have demonstrated the economic burden of migraines in terms of quality of life, health care resource use (HRU), and costs, there exists a notable paucity of data comparing such outcomes among migraineurs with nausea and vomiting (N/V) and those without. The current study aimed to address this gap.
Methods: This was a retrospective study using data from the 2013 US National Health and Wellness Survey, a cross-sectional, internet-based survey. Respondents self-reported their migraine with or without N/V along with demographics and outcomes including depression (Patient Health Questionnaire total score; PHQ-9), sleep problems (11-item total score of sleep problems), HRU (number of physician visits, emergency room [ER] visits, and hospitalizations) and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-General Health Scale (WPAI-GH), and associated mean annual costs. Generalized linear models, adjusting for covariates, assessed the burden of N/V on all outcomes.
Results: Among all migraineurs (N=7,855), 73.4% were female, mean age was 41.82 years old, and 57.6% reported experiencing N/V. Adjusting for covariates, migraineurs with N/V vs without N/V had higher mean PHQ-9 scores (7.91 vs 7.02, p <0.001) and mean sleep problems (3.29 vs 2.64, p <0.001). Mean ER visits were more frequent among migraineurs with N/V than those without N/V (0.48 vs 0.38, p =0.001). This difference translated into a 26.3% increase in estimated mean ER costs (N/V=US$1,499 vs without N/V=US$1,187, p =0.002). Mean percentage activity impairment was higher in migraineurs with N/V than in those without N/V (37.73% vs 35.12%, p =0.002) and migraineurs with N/V had higher work productivity loss costs (N/V=US$10,344 vs without N/V=US$9,218, p =0.016).
Conclusion: Migraine patients with N/V reported worse depression, sleep problems, and activity impairment, and higher ER visits than those without N/V. Migraine with N/V was also associated with an increase in mean annual ER visit costs and work productivity loss costs. Study findings suggest unmet needs with current treatment options for migraine patients with N/V.
Keywords: migraine, nausea, vomiting, depression, work productivity, healthcare resource use, costs