Ruoyi Gao,1,2,* Hai Zhao,1,* Huijuan Luo,1 Huining Kuang,1,2 Boran E,1,2 Xin Guo1,2 

1School Health Center, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence: Xin Guo, School Health Center, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100000, People’s Republic of China, Email gguoxin2000@163.com

Purpose: School bullying has become increasingly serious among children, causing serious damage to their physical and mental health. Previous studies lacked data on bullying of middle school students in Beijing and rarely visualized the risks of bullying. This study investigated the situation and related risk factors of school bullying of middle school students in Beijing in 2022 and established a Nomogram prediction model to visualize the risk of school bullying for its prevention.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey conducted from September 2022 to November 2022 to investigate the bullying situation and related risk factors of the 17729 middle school students in 16 districts of Beijing. Logistic regression is used to analyze the influencing factors of bullying, and then a Nomogram prediction model is established to quantitatively analyze the risk of bullying.
Results: In 2022, 2.69% of middle school students in Beijing reported being bullied. Multivariate analysis results showed that in the past 30 days, being beaten by parents, abnormal families, poor diet, depression, and internet addiction were risk factors for school bullying. Being female, non-residents, moderate-to-high-intensity exercise 3 to 4 days per week, and 2 to 3 physical education classes per week were protective factors against bullying.
Conclusion: Parents, schools, and society should form a joint force, pay attention to parent–child relationships and mental health, encourage students to go outside, strengthen physical exercise, and prevent the occurrence of school bullying.

Keywords: school bullying, children, adolescents, influencing factor, prevention