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Authors Liang J, Xu S, Shen M, Cheng B, Li Y, Liu X, Qin D, Bellare A, Kong L
Received 5 October 2016
Accepted for publication 29 December 2016
Published 16 February 2017 Volume 2017:12 Pages 1317—1328
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S123930
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single-blind
Peer reviewers approved by Dr Alexander Kharlamov
Peer reviewer comments 4
Editor who approved publication: Dr Lei Yang
Abstract: An easier method for constructing the hierarchical
micro-/nano-structures on the surface of dental implants in the clinic is
needed. In this study, three different titanium surfaces with microscale
grooves (width 0.5–1, 1–1.5, and 1.5–2 µm) and nanoscale nanoparticles (diameter
20–30, 30–50, and 50–100 nm, respectively) were obtained by treatment with
different concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and at different etching
times (1%, 3 min; 0.5%, 12 min; and 1.5%, 12 min, respectively;
denoted as groups HF1, HF2, and HF3). The biological response to the three
different titanium surfaces was evaluated by in vitro human bone marrow-derived
mesenchymal stem cell (hBMMSC) experiments and in vivo animal experiments. The
results showed that cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase
activity, and mineralization of hBMMSCs were increased in the HF3 group. After
the different surface implants were inserted into the distal femurs of 40 rats,
the bone–implant contact in groups HF1, HF2, and HF3 was 33.17%±2.2%,
33.82%±3.42%, and 41.04%±3.08%, respectively. Moreover, the maximal pullout
force in groups HF1, HF2, and HF3 was 57.92±2.88, 57.83±4.09, and
67.44±6.14 N, respectively. The results showed that group HF3 with large
micron grooves (1.5–2.0 µm) and large nanoparticles (50–100 nm)
showed the best bio-functionality for the hBMMSC response and osseointegration
in animal experiments compared with other groups.
Keywords: hydrofluoric acid etching, surface
modification, micro-/nano-structures, osteogenic activity, titanium implant