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Authors Wang LL, Hu C, Shao LQ
Received 9 September 2016
Accepted for publication 9 December 2016
Published 14 February 2017 Volume 2017:12 Pages 1227—1249
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S121956
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single-blind
Peer reviewers approved by Dr Alexander Kharlamov
Peer reviewer comments 5
Editor who approved publication: Dr Linlin Sun
Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used to target bacteria as an
alternative to antibiotics. Nanotechnology may be particularly advantageous in
treating bacterial infections. Examples include the utilization of NPs in
antibacterial coatings for implantable devices and medicinal materials to
prevent infection and promote wound healing, in antibiotic delivery systems to treat
disease, in bacterial detection systems to generate microbial diagnostics, and
in antibacterial vaccines to control bacterial infections. The antibacterial
mechanisms of NPs are poorly understood, but the currently accepted mechanisms
include oxidative stress induction, metal ion release, and non-oxidative
mechanisms. The multiple simultaneous mechanisms of action against microbes
would require multiple simultaneous gene mutations in the same bacterial cell
for antibacterial resistance to develop; therefore, it is difficult for
bacterial cells to become resistant to NPs. In this review, we discuss the
antibacterial mechanisms of NPs against bacteria and the factors that are
involved. The limitations of current research are also discussed.
Keywords: antimicrobial
activity, nanoparticles, oxidative stress, antimicrobial resistance