XiaoLan Li,1 Min Li,2 Juan Tian,1 Zi-Wei Shi,1 Ling-Zhi Wang,2 Kui Song1 

1Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

Correspondence: Kui Song, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Renmin South Road, No. 3 Shi Ji Avenue, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People’s Republic of China, Email js_hematology@163.com

Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells that can cause anemia due to renal failure and bone marrow failure. Secondary polycythemia (SE) is a clinically rare disease that involves the overproduction of red blood cells. To our knowledge, the association of multiple myeloma and polycythemia has been reported, but the association of SE and multiple myeloma is rare and has been infrequently reported in literature. In contrast to anemia, the presence of polycythemia in multiple myeloma patients is a rare finding. A patient of IgA-λ multiple myeloma with secondary erythrocytosis recently admitted to our department is now reported as follows and relevant literature is reviewed to improve clinicians’ awareness of such rare comorbidities.

Keywords: multiple myeloma, secondary erythrocytosis