Background: Stimuli-responsive gold nano-assemblies have attracted attention as drug delivery systems in the biomedical field. However, there are challenges achieving targeted delivery and controllable drug release for specific diseases.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a glutathione (GSH)-modified fluorescent gold nanoparticle termed AuLA-GSH was prepared and a Co²⁺-induced self-assembly drug delivery platform termed AuLA-GSH-Co was constructed. Both the pH-responsive character and drug loading behavior of AuLA-GSH-Co were studied in vitro. Kidney-targeting capability was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the anti-fibrosis efficiency of AuLA-GSH-Co in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was explored.
Results: AuLA-GSH-Co was sensitive to pH changes and released Co²⁺ in acidic conditions, allowing it to have controllable drug release abilities. AuLA-GSH-Co was found to improve cellular uptake of Co²⁺ ions compared to CoCl₂ in vitro. AuLA-GSH exhibited specific renal targeting and prolonged renal retention time with low non-specific accumulation in vivo. Moreover, the anti-fibrosis efficiency of AuLA-GSH-Co was higher compared to CoCl₂ in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).
Conclusion: AuLA-GSH-Co could greatly enhance drug delivery efficiency with renal targeting capability and obviously relieve renal fibrosis, providing a promising strategy for renal fibrosis therapy.
Keywords: gold nanoparticles, self-assembly, pH sensitivity, drug delivery, renal fibrosis